Ключевые слова
большевизм
соперничество
новая экономическая политика
лидерство
Как цитировать
Аннотация
Проблема выбора стратегии общественного развития, адекватной оценки состояния и тенденций развития социума является одной из актуальных проблем исследования политической элиты России ХХ в. В условиях советского авторитарного режима принятие стратегических политических решений могло совершаться только внутри высшего слоя партийно-государственной элиты. Автор статьи аргументирует наличие в рамках большевизма трёх версий доктрины новой экономической политики в 1923—1926 гг.: левой («троцкистской»), центристской и правой («бухаринской»). Автор выявляет сходства и различия данной доктрины на стадиях кризиса 1923—1924 г. и «расширения» нэпа (осень 1924 — весна 1926 гг.). Автор опровергает ряд политизированных мифов о взглядах Л.Д. Троцкого, Л.Б. Каменева, Н.И. Бухарина на новую экономическую политику. Автор статьи отмечает объективные экономические и политические факторы, которые сделали невозможным термидорианское перерождение большевистской доктрины нэпа, привели к догматизации трактовок состояния многоукладного общества и перспектив его развития. В итоге выбор стратегии социалистической модернизации в середине 1920-х гг. был подчинен прагматическим интересам борьбы за власть.
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